Laverne and I were wandering through the ecology section of Barne’s and Noble with our $25 gift card when we saw it. Folks, This Ain’t Normal  by Joel Salatin.

    (“By whom?” says everyone. “By the farmer dude in Food Inc,” I say. “Oohhh!” say half the people. “Let me google Food Inc.” says the other half.)

     Joel Salatin is one of our favorite authors, combining an entertaining writing style with provoking ideas, out-side the box thinking and great stories. We bought the book.

       It was great! One chapter that really got us talking was about GMO’s (short for genetically modified organisms.)  Joel attacked them from the side of “normal.” Since when, he asked, does a pig cross with a tomato? That's not normal. The equipment just doesn’t work that way.  You can light all the candles you want, and play romantic music, but it just doesn’t work. Folks, this ain’t normal.  Then he proceeded to the abnormal politics.  Since when, he asked, is it normal for it to be illegal for farmers to save their own seed? Since when can a multi-billion dollar corporation tell a farmer that he can’t save the seed he raised because it was polluted with some of the corporation’s pollen? Since when can they put a seed-cleaning business under for supposedly encouraging others to break the law? Joel also mentioned several health risks, but Joel is a storyteller, not a statistician and he didn’t include any studies to back up what he said. 

     We really enjoyed the book, so it was only natural that when we ran into our organic-loving friend, Sharon, Laverne would tell her all about it.

      The next time we saw Sharon was a totally random meeting at a school program. “Hey!” she told us, “I just bought that book for my dad for Christmas.” Then she grinned. “I couldn’t remember the title or the author, so I walked up to an employee and said, ‘I don’t know the title or the author, but I’m looking for a book about a farmer and it has a chicken on the front. . .’ We looked in the homesteading section, and couldn’t find it, so then we looked in the ecology section, and there it was!”

      A few months later, when Sharon visited us she told me, “Guess what? My dad’s been reading that book. At first he didn’t really get into it, because he couldn’t see how it would relate to him, but just the other day he told us that he’s not raising GMO this year! He’s raised it for years, but after he read that chapter in Folks, This Ain’t Normal, he decided to quit.”

       We were impressed. GMO’s really do make things easier for farmers in some ways. For instance, Roundup Ready corn will survive doses of Round-up that destroy all other plants, making it easy to control weeds with spraying. (At least most of them.  The few weeds that do survive will propagate and in a few years we’ll have Round-up Ready weeds too, but that’s another story.) Bt corn doesn’t need to be sprayed at all, because the corn-plant becomes an insecticide manufacturer itself.  Every cell produces insecticide, so the bugs don’t bother it. (Yes, you’re right, that does mean that if you eat the plant, even just the seed-head, you are eating insecticide as well. ) For a farmer to decide not to plant GMO corn requires a significant change of mindset and practices.

     We still didn’t know much about GMOs though, until someone recently told us that her family might be interested in our chicken if it were GMO-free.  Really? People don’t want to eat it for health reasons? Are there any studies that show that this is dangerous? We decided to check it out.

      What we found startled us. The most telling was this video.  It was full of studies, stories and concerns from respected scientists and researchers all over the world that pointed to major health problems with GMOs. These problems have caused most European nations to ban GMOs entirely. 

     So. . . why didn’t we hear about this before? Let me tell one story almost verbatim from this video that explains a lot of things.  

       The U.K. government wanted to prove to the public that GMO's were safe.  Dr. Pusztai was selected from the group of 28 scientists who applied. He was one of the world's leading researchers in his field, working in a world-renowned nutritional research institute. He fed GMO potatoes to rats for this experiment. The potatoes were engineered to produce an insecticide. He knew this insecticide was harmless to rats. He'd done previous experiments feeding huge doses of it with no ill results. Still, just to make sure, he fed one group of rats the GMO potato, one group unmodified potatoes, (making this the control group) and one group unmodified potatoes with the insecticide added directly to the diet.

       Ready for this? Only those eating the GM potatoes got sick.  That's right. The damage included potentially pre-cancerous cells in their digestive tract, smaller brains, livers and testicles, partial atrophy of the liver, and damaged immune systems after only ten days. 

     When he went public, he was first a hero, for about two days. Then, his institute got a call from the prime minister's office. Two calls. The next day, Dr. Pusztai was fired from his job after 35 years, and silenced with threats of a law-suit. The institute and the government launched a campaign to destroy his reputation, and to protect biotechnology. (GMOs). After 7 months, the gag order was lifted by order of Parliament, and Dr. Pusztai got his data back and went public with it.   

       Although the results were published in newspapers in the U.K. and Europe, somehow it never got over to the U.S.

Why? 
Good question.
 Any ideas? 

        We aren't finished learning about GMOs. We recently ordered several books from the library including Seeds of Deception and Genetic Roulette.  I can't recommend either one, since I haven't read them, but they look like interesting reads. 

      In the meanwhile, here are things you can do to support natural and normal foods and to protect yourself from potential harm due to GMOs. 
1. Eat vegetables.  Since veggies are more likely to be planted by home gardeners who just don't like the idea of GMOs, the chemical and biotechnology companies have backed off on GMO veggies for the moment. Having said that, there are still probably lots of GM veggies on the market today because commercial growers won't care as much as back-yard growers. So also. . . 
2. Eat local.  When you eat local, you can get to know your farmer and ask him or her if they use any genetically modified seeds. You can't do that if your asparagus comes from Peru. (Unless you live in Peru.) Along with this. . .
3. Eat fresh. This is important, because corn and soybean is in almost every processed food you buy at the grocery store. And a huge percentage of the corn and soybeans grown in the U.S. is genetically modified. 
4. Eat heirloom. Heirlooms are not genetically modified. Often they're the plants your great-great grandma raised and saved seeds from. They often have amazing taste and textures and shapes and colors. Just check out Baker Creek Seeds
5. If after learning more about GMOs, you are upset that people make and sell them, remember, you give them the power to do what they do when you pay for their food. You can change this. Even small changes make a big difference.  For example, if every person in America ate just one local, organic meal a week, America would use 1.1 million fewer barrels (not gallons, barrels) of oil a week. Small change, big difference. 
      In the end, I have to think of a cartoon I saw years ago and never forgot. I couldn't find it on-line, so I recreated it as I remembered it. (Apologies to the original artist.)

 
 
Some people say there is no waste, only misplaced resources.  I see their point, although I still have a hard time thinking of a good use for junk mail.  (If it has a SASE I stuff everything into the envelope and mail it back to the company with a note explaining that I really don't want junk mail. It does work, if you're persistent enough.)

 But anyway, I was going to say, I saw this first hand when we took our recycling and, yes, well. . . non-recycling, to the land-fill the other month.  We were dropping off the non-recycling when I saw this beautiful little metal plant stand in the dumpster.  (Before we go much further, I must add that I've always admired the chutzpah and creativity that it must take to be a dumpster diver, but I've only done it once before.) While I was eyeing it enviously, I noticed another stand nearby, black this time. Alas, they were out of my reach but as I turned to go, up pops a landfill worker on the other side with a long metal hook. He proceeded to begin hooking metal things and hauling them out. I leaned against the dumpster, attempting to appear nonchalant and asked him what they do with that stuff. "Send it to Bear Township Recycling," he said, "Anything metal goes."
"Um, well, could I have that thing?" I asked, "Or is it public property?" 
He hooked it and handed it across. "I say finders keepers." he grinned. Yippee! 
Thus emboldened, I eyed the black stand and queried, "Could I have that one too?" 

As we left, in possession of two beautiful plant stands, we noticed a pick-up truck load of scrap lumber beside us being unloaded into the dumpster. . . and we'd just gone and BOUGHT lumber for one of our projects. Misplaced resources indeed. 

The idea of waste came to mind again when one of my friends called me up a month or two later. "Do you have chickweed growing in your garden?" she asked. "Cause I used up all my chickweed in my garden and I need it to make salves." 
"Sure!" I told her, "We've got plenty!" 

Then my next door neighbor today told me about the "pesky chickweed that comes up everywhere. . ." 

A weed is no more than a plant growing where you don't want it. Too bad we don't want more plants. Think how many fewer weeds we'd have! We'd probably be healthier too. Most edible "weeds" have much higher levels of vitamins and minerals than domestic plants do. 
 
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And speaking of unwanted things, we recently adopted two orphan lambs. Rambo and Lamb Chop.  We plan to keep one of them and eat the other. Can you guess which? But don't think of that now. Right now they're too cute. Wait till they're ninety pounds and getting a bit belligerent. Then it will be easy.  And tasty. 

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And speaking of wanted things, this is Hazel, our mini Jersey. She's having a calf in July and it's getting really easy to tell it. I can't wait; Hazel was the most adorable critter when she was a calf (that's her picture at the top of the page) and I can only imagine what her baby will be like. Plus, then we'll have milk and butter and and yogurt. And cheese (if we're brave, adventurous and successful) and cream cheese and cottage cheese (if we have time). And then, of course, we'll have to get a pig, so all that whey won't be wasted. . .

 

Cities

03/13/2012

0 Comments

 
In a recent issue of Time magazine an article entitled “The End of Nature” caught my eye. The author argued that in order for the human species to survive and have enough food, we will need to rely increasingly on some surprising options.  One was cities.

I really wonder why.

If the problem is getting enough food, then the last thing we want to do is get people out of farms. When the USSR began allowing peasants to raise and sell food from their own tiny back-yard-sized plots, the peasants responded by producing 25% of the nation’s food from no more than 4% of the land.  Of course that’s not a good example, because no one had any motivation to work on the huge mechanical collective farms.  It merely shows that it is possible to have tremendous yields on very small acreages with hand labor. Another example is Britain during World War II, when Germany cut off food shipments.  Britain responded by making all the back-yards and public areas into gardens. . . and easily produced just as much food as they previously had imported. Sharing the Harvest, a book on CSA’s, mentions that the number of CSA shares per acre drops when mechanization increases, and notes that the highest producing farms use hand labor almost exclusively. (pg. 133). 

There are several reasons for this. For one, tractors need space for wheels to run, which reduces your growing space.  For another, when you use hand labor, you also notice exactly when anything needs to be watered, weeded, and picked, so much less is damaged or wasted.

But of course, if hand labor is so wonderful, why do we hear that modern agriculture is such a miracle? Isn’t it much more efficient than hand labor?

Well, actually, modern agriculture, the kind with tractors and diesel engines, is efficient, but not with land. It’s efficient with human hours.  It takes only one person to feed 127 people, last time I checked. That’s efficient. With human labor. But not with land.  If land is going to be the scarce commodity, then we don’t want to keep using machines, because hand labor is more land-efficient.

The only problem is that we will need more people to produce more food.  I’m not sure that’s a problem, really.  Isn’t the earth’s population growing exponentially? Besides, I’m not sure why it’s such a wonderful thing that less than one percent of the population gets to make a living while staying fit by raising their food in the fresh air with plants and animals, while the rest of the population is stuck inside working very hard so that they can pay people to be allowed to work out in gyms and spend time in the fresh air, and pay other people to give them food. I think it’d be great if, say, 20% of the population got to be in the privileged first group.

Anyway, back to the main point.  Another reason why I wonder if cities (at least the way we currently imagine them) are the best way to get enough food, is pollution. As the old jingle goes, “The solution to pollution is dilution.” Obviously this is a terrible slogan if it refers to plastic.  (Have you ever heard of the great Pacific Garbage Patch?  Watch “Addicted to Plastic.”) But it makes a lot of sense if it refers to organic wastes.

I can feed four chickens with my family’s food scraps. But what happens when we have thousands of people on a tiny space without room for chickens? Food scraps become a pollution problem. I can use the manure from four chickens to jump-start my compost pile and fertilize my garden. But what happens when I have thousands of chickens and no room big enough for a compost pile or garden? It becomes a pollution problem. Spreading out the supposed “pollution” makes a liability into an asset.

Then, of course, there’s the transportation problem. If everyone lives in a city (at least the way cities work nowadays), food must be transported in and “waste” must be transported out, somehow. This contributes to smog, gridlock, and lots of wasted energy.

Getting people onto farms would also result in more food security. Think about it. If 50% of your food came from your own backyard, and 40% came from the twenty miles surrounding you (leaving 10% non-local for chocolate and coffee, of course), and if it wasn't processed, it wouldn’t matter if gasoline went up to $10 a gallon. You’d still eat very well, (and maybe still afford coffee and chocolate).  If, however, your unprocessed food comes from California, and if you eat much processed food, you would see a serious jump in food prices, (unless, of course, you live in California).  This is because it takes 1 calorie of petroleum for a modern  farmer to create 1 calorie of food. Then it takes up to 10 calories of fossil fuel to process that food into something you can actually eat (see"The oil we eat" for a whole discussion on this) and even more fossil fuel to transport it to you.  (I'm thinking Michael Pollan said something like 4 calories in "The Omnivore's Dilemma", but don't quote me on that.)

Having said all this, do I think we should get rid of cities? No. Cities are here to stay.  But what if we could re-imagine cities?  In Joel Salatin’s latest book, Folks,This Ain’t Normal, he describes a group of urban farmers who grow enough food for twelve of them on a quarter of an acre where the city had bulldozed a condominium and covered it over.  He asked them, “Could this city feed itself?” They said, “Absolutely. There’s enough vacant land that we could easily feed ourselves.”

What if cities became filled with farms?

So what about it? What can you do with the space you have? All you have is a window sill? What about sprouts? A front porch? What about a potted orange tree that you can bring in during the winter? A backyard? What about a lasagna garden? (I’m reading about lasagna gardening right now and I think it’s great!)

This makes me think of the article, “The End of Nature” again. The author of that article suggested that with the growing population we’ll have to get used to seeing people in nature. I agree.  I think we may have to also get used to seeing nature in with people.

 
 
I know a lot of people who grow confinement house chickens and turkeys. Growing up, we went to church and school together.  They're hard-working, fun, family-oriented people who want to stay on the farm, and they're doing it, partly through raising confinement house poultry.  They don't necessarily enjoy every part of it, but they're willing to do it, if it means they'll be able to farm. 

When I was about 13, I overheard a conversation about one of their turkey houses. "Yeah, Tom* (not real name) just put up a new turkey house," one person said, "but it's a free-range house." 

"A free-range house?" someone else queried.

"Yeah!" she snorted, "You know what that means? He has to provide a door and a tiny strip of fenced in area outside for them to be in. It's not enough for nearly all of them, and nothing can grow there, but it they have that, they can label them free-range." 

We all rolled our eyes. As if a tiny strip of land outside would make much of a difference. I didn't understand why anyone would pay extra for that. It seemed silly to me.

Now that I'm older, I recognize what's happening.

Most people want good food that they can feel good about eating, which for most people means that the animals should be treated well, have access to natural things (like fresh air, sunshine and grass) and not be given antibiotics and hormones and the vegetables should be grown without herbicides and pesticides. However, they don't know their farmer. They've never visited a poultry farm and they've never been to a tomato field in July. So they depend on the labels to tell them what's good and bad.  They don't always know what the labels mean. 

Most farmers want to make a good living on their farm.  They want a chance to do what their family's been doing for generations. Or they want to start out and give their own children a childhood on the farm. They need to be able to sell what they produce at a higher price than it cost them to produce it. However, they don't know their customers.  They're not sure a customer would understand how hard it is to make money in today's market or what's actually necessary to get food from the farm to the consumer. (In the book "Animal, Vegetable, Miracle" Barbara Kingsolver recounts a time when she told one of her friends what was happening in the garden. "The potatoes are up. . ." she mentioned. "Wait," her friend says, pausing to formulate her question, "What part of the potato. . . comes up?" Turns out her friend didn't know that potatoes grow from plants. . . with leaves. . . Another example is a produce farmer I know, who says that people want corn without bugs, but they want it to be organic. They don't realize that with sweet corn that is almost an impossibility.  Anyway.) Farmers depend on a third party, (often a large corporation) to buy their product and deal with the marketing, so they don't have to. 

Someone (and I'm not saying who) benefits from the combined ignorance of farmer and consumer. (I'll give you a hint though. It's generally not the farmer.  And most of the time it's not the consumer.)

The solution? Well, it's not to gallop off and write a letter to your congressman demanding stricter labeling laws. Someone will always figure out a way to sell an inferior product for a superior price if the only thing you ever see is the label. The solution is actually a lot simpler than that.  Simpler, but probably not easier. It is this. 

Get to know your farmer. Go with him to feed the hogs. Help her weed her vegetables. (Weeding is the price you pay for no herbicides.) Watch the broilers chase bugs.  Go see the hens who lay the eggs you eat for breakfast.  See for yourself if this is good food.

 Decide for yourself if it is really free-range. 
 

 
 
One of my friends says that she can't write unless she's totally alone. "Even updating my status on Facebook is like that," she says, "I'll tell my husband, 'Alright, now go away.' Then I can write." I had to think of that when my husband told me that I could write our first blog. First blog? Ok, I said, now go away.

It's beginning to feel as if we might actually be doing this.  Actually moving home and seeing if we can make at least part of a living farming this summer.  For awhile, we talked about it, and planned for it, and read books and made lists. Lots of lists.  Then this Tuesday, we took our lists and our baby, and the very large, beautiful woven basket we bought in Kenya while visiting Laverne's parents and drove to Rohrer's.

"We have 300 kinds of organic seeds" the sign outside proudly proclaimed.   Inside the store, Eliana snoozed in her car-seat while we began the slow procession through the aisles, touching seed packets, reading descriptions, and reveling in the huge variety of seeds.

"Look," says Laverne, "It says 'heirloom.' It didn't say that last year, but I think it's the same variety.  People must be asking for more heirloom seeds, so Rohrer's is highlighting the heirlooms they already carry." I nodded.  Sometimes you wonder if a few people making decisions makes a difference, and other times, you realize that it really does. There were a lot of heirlooms available.

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I love heirloom produce.  Nowhere else do you find such a huge variety of colors, textures, and shapes, (See Baker Creek for pictures) not to mention tastes and smells.  Unfortunately a lot of them are more expensive, and we couldn't buy only heirloom seeds.  But we got some. My favorite? Oaxacan Green Dent corn, an emerald green cornmeal type corn, originally from Mexico where it was used to create green corn tortillas. I have to admit that I bought them just for us. (I told you they're expensive!) But since they're heirloom, I should be able to save seed for next year.  I'll just have to make sure I pop a paper bag over the silk and then do the pollinating by hand for the ears I want to save; corn pollen can travel miles, and we're surrounded by genetically modified corn.  Maybe in a few years we'll have green corn for sale.


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I must like green, because one of my favorite heirloom tomatoes is green too- green zebra they're called, and yes, they're ripe. Sweet, slightly tart, simply delicious. We should have some of them to sell this summer.

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My non-heirloom favorites? Snake gourds. Seriously, they do look like snakes! Besides looking cool, they can be used to make rain-sticks, a musical instrument.

About half-way through our seed celebration, Eliana woke up.  Unfortunately, she's not quite at the age to appreciate some of the finer things in life, like heirloom seeds, and her unhappy sounds soon cut our revel short. (Well, her sounds and the fact that the owner kept walking past our aisle jingling the keys.) "I think it's closing time." I whispered to Laverne. We hurried to the register and began the long process of unloading our almost full basket, no mean feat. Finally the deed was done and we stepped from the seed store, possessing the future of our farming operation in our Kenyan basket. Now, it's starting to feel real.


 

    Laverne & Julie

    The Glick's Growing Spot, the beginning of a young couple's dream! Laverne and Julie, with their little girl, Eliana, came to Julie's home farm to nurture a small portion of the land a mile north of Lewisburg, PA.

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